Riccardo's Science Blog

Function : The function of the immune system is to keep you alive and healthy, it attacks unknown cells in your body that could harm you, cancer cells for example. Organs : The immune system has two different types of organs, the primary organs which are the thymus and bone marrow. As well as the secondary organs which include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and adenoids, peyer's patches,skin and the appendix. The function of the thymus is to receive immature T cells that are produced in the red bone marrow and train them into functional, mature T cells that attack foreign cells. The function of the bone marrow is to produce all of the cells in the immune system. The lymph nodes separate out the lymphatic fluid , which is the store specific cellular material that will capture most cancers cells or bacterias which are travelling throughout the human body within the lymph fluid. The spleen acts as a filter for blood. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and whit...

Britannica.com Summary: Cells growing and dividing is known as cell division or mitosis. There are few steps to this process, the steps are  interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. Interphase is the processes were  cells grow, copy their DNA, and prepare for division. Prophase is were the cell's  chromatin condenses and turns into chromosomes. Metaphase is the step were t he chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.  When a naphase occurs, the centromeres split and the chromatids separate. During telophase a  nuclear cover forms around the chromosomes. At the final step, cytokenisis, t he cytoplasm splits moving organelles into the new cell. The DNA is copied before mitosis occurs to insure the new cell has the correct genetic information. S&EP 4: I used a flip book to  to display and analyze data. We drew the steps of mitosis slowly changing. This helped with the understanding of mitosis as you can see th...

www.pinterest.com Summary : A cell that is isotonic has it's water molecule and solute molecule at the same concentration level. In an isotonic solution, water molecules move into and out of the cell at the same rate, and the cell keeps it's normal shape. As well as there not being any net movement of water across the plasma membrane. A solution which contains a higher concentration of water and a lower concentration of solutes is called a hypotonic solution. Because the concentration of water is higher outside the cell, there is a net movement of water from outside into the cell. Since the cell gains water, it swells and the internal pressure increases and eventually the cell bursts. A cell that is hypertonic has a concentration with higher solute concentration and less water concentration. Since the concentration of water is higher within the cell, there is a net movement of water from inside to outside of the cell. (water leaves the cell through osmosis) Causing the...

Taken from the cell energy cycle gizmo Summary:   Cellular respiration is when your body converts oxygen and glucose into energy.  The oxygen humans and animals breathe breaks down, making glucose into tinier pieces so the body can use it.    Glucose, a sugar that your body needs to make energy, is very important to the processes of this cycle.  The formula for this process is C6H12O6 + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O + Energy. The o xygen that is in the equation is found in the mitochondrion and the glucose found is in the cytoplasm. During this processes, t he glucose molecule is split into two pyruvic acids which ends up producing a small amount of energy.    When the pyruvic acids move into the mitochondrion a huge amount energy is produced, along with carbon dioxide and water. F or photosynthesis however, the formula is H20 + CO2 ---(light energy)--> O2+ C6H12O6.  The carbon dioxide and water are found in the chloroplast ...

Summary:  Macromolecules are organic compounds that contain carbon.  The elements found in these compounds are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.  There are four macromolecules, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins.  Lipids store energy and they make up most of the cell, some examples are things like fats, oils, and waxes. They are made carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are the ones that give you energy. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins regulate growth, development, and transport oxygen and other substances. There made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.  Nucleic acids are the instructions for the cell. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The two examples of them are RNA and DNA. SP2: I used the photosithesis lab to test different variables to see what would produce the most oxygen.   T he light intensit...

Video: Summary:  The Golgi Apparatus is a very important organelle in the cell. The Golgi Apparatus is is a “packaging organelle”. It is also known as the post office for the cell.The Golgi Apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to create complex molecules. Then packages the complex molecules in vesicles and either stores them or sends them out of the cell. It works with the Endoplasmic Reticulum as it modifies, packages, and ships lipids and proteins synthesized by the ER. The Golgi Apparatus also works with the ribosomes as the ribosomes make the proteins and it ships the proteins to the ER and so on and so forth. The structure of the Golgi apparatus is kind of like a pancake is you think about the material. The Golgi Apparatus is made several flattened membranes sacs, but can be ultimately divided into two sections: the Cis Golgi and the Trans Golgi Network (TGN). The Cis Golgi functions as the receiving end for newly synthesized proteins from the Endoplasmic...

Summary : Most organelles have nuclear DNA and don't cause any problems. The mitochondria however may cause conflict in the cell. The  mitochondria has it's own DNA which they had gotten from their mother. Their DNA causes them to be able to slightly influence what they do. As a group the cell will want the mitochondria to produce a lot of energy while the Mitochondria would instead want to reproduce as much as they could therefore causing conflict in the cell. The mitochondria is greedy! Therefore they are not fit to be president of the cell. SP7 - Engaging in argument from evidence: I was able to engage in arguments against other campaigns by defending the Golgi Apparatus ans smearing other organelles that I (and teammates) found incapable of the job as "president". One issue that came up a lot is that the Golgi leads to Achondrogenesis an d  Alzheimer's. A lthough this is true, these are only Golgi bodies that have malfunctioned that caus...